![]() Similar to the acute exposure, eggs exposed to 5× levels did not hatch, or the first instar died soon after emergence. ![]() Chronic exposure (eggs reared on mulch through pupation) to Epsom salt at these same rates resulted in significantly delayed instar development and reduced adult biometrics at both 1× and 2× levels. A similar trend in survival was observed in subsequent experiments using a horticultural grade of Epsom salt (MgSO 4) at 1×, 2×, and 5× the recommended application rate. Acute (7 days) exposure to mulch rehydrated in solutions of CaCl 2, KCl, MgCl 2, or NaCl increasing in concentration from 0 to 0.7 M resulted in increased mortality, with concentrations > 0.5 M generally being 100% lethal to both first and second-instar larvae. rhinoceros life stages were acutely and chronically exposed to several metal salts at increasing concentrations to determine the impact of these salts on survival, development, and oviposition behavior. To determine if the elevated metal salts present in the biosolid waste was responsible for this observation, O. Biosolid waste within Hawaii’s infestation zone, however, was determined to inhospitable to O. rhinoceros larvae develop in materials rich in organic materials such as green waste and animal manure. Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is an invasive pest of palms in the Pacific Region, including Hawaii, for which limited management options are available. Agrosecurity Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, United States. ![]() The most common pesticide is cypermethrin, which has been used to manage the rhinoceros beetle in both nurseries and plantations.Tomie Vowell Megan E. The infection symptom of OrNV on the larvae Infected larvae by M. Utilisation of insect-specific Oryctes Nudivirus (OrNV) used the adults as vectors to spread the virus to other healthy beetles. Spraying the fungus solutions on the breeding locations was successful in killing up to 80% of the larvae. Metarhizium anisopliae was found to be a virulent entomopathogenic fungus against the rhinoceros beetle. The damaged palms exhibited wedged or v-shaped leaves due to boring activity of the rhinoceros beetle. ![]() Compared to the chipped trunks on the ground, the dead standing palm attracted substantially more beetles. The practice of underplanting, in which young seedlings were planted beneath poisoned standing old palms. Rotten chipped oil palm in the replanting areas provides excellent breeding sites for the beetle. The introduction zero burning of old palms prior to the replanting. The diameter of the head capsules was used to distinguish each instar. There are three larval instars, each of which takes 82 to 207 days to develop into pre-pupae. The females deposited about 70-100 yellowish-white eggs, which hatched into c-shape larvae after 8-12 days. The male could be differentiated from the female by having a longer horn. The adult rhinoceros beetle has a cephalic horn and black shiny body that is 35-50 mm long and 20-23 mm in width. The rhinoceros beetle’s entire life cycle spans between four and nine months from egg to adult, depending on environmental factors such as humidity, climatic conditions, and food availability. The rhinoceros beetle has been a major pest of oil palms since the 1990s, and it can be found in all of Malaysia’s states. The rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, is a Southeast Asian native that was accidentally introduced to the South Pacific regions such as American Samoa, Fiji, Mayotte, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Reunion, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Wallis, and Futuna along with import materials viz timber, habitat materials, and nursery commerce. ![]()
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